![]() In contrast, in the new rule (law 14 of the document ``Laws of the game 2019/20 changes and clarifications'') 14 (NR), the goalkeeper may keep only part of one foot on the goal line at the moment the kicker hits the ball. In the old rule (OR), the goalkeeper must keep the feet on the goal line until the kicker hits the ball. Among them, a new goalkeeper's feet positioning rule was determined in the penalty. On March 13, 2019, the IFAB officialized new changes in soccer rules, with the application starting on June 1, 2019. As it is possible to notice the soccer penalty rules changed frequently along the history and keeps changing. Only in 1997 this rule changed and the goalkeeper was permitted to move the feet on the goal line again 13. In 1930 the goalkeeper was forbidden to move the feet until the penalty kick was taken 12. In 1905 the goalkeeper positioning rule was changed and he/she must stay in the goal line being permitted to move the feet along it 11. Only in 1902 the penalty area and spot were introduced 10. In its first version the penalty could be kicked from any point 11 m from the goal line and the goalkeeper could stay anywhere within 5.5 m from the goal 9. The penalty was officially introduced in the soccer rules by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) in 1891. In other words, the penalty is and tends to be more decisive in determining the winner of matches and championships. The penalty represents 25.71–47.56% of the set play goals 1, 3, 6, 7, however these numbers tend to grow with the use of video assistant referee (VAR) 8. When other soccer championships around the world are analysed (i.e. World cup goal scoring pattern analysis over time (1998–2018) indicates that the number of goals scored resultant from set play (corner kick, direct free kick, free kick assist, penalty kick, and throw- in assist) represents 29.33 ± 5.57% of the goals scored 1, 2, 3, 4. Concluding, the goalkeepers performed better with the new rule in the analyzed variables and the lower limb preference has influenced only the mediolateral and resultant displacement. Dives for the non-dominant side presented higher values than the trials for the dominant side in mediolateral (p = 0.02) and resultant (p = 0.03) displacements. The results showed that goalkeepers dive further (p < 0.001) and faster (p < 0.001) when diving according to the new rule. The side preference was collected through an inventory. Six goalkeepers, two professionals and four amateurs, performed a total of 20 dives in the laboratory and had their force and impulse exerted by the lower limb and displacement/velocity data from the center of body mass collected through force plates and kinematic analysis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how the change in the rule and the lower limbs laterality influences on the diving save kinematic performance in penalties. It allows the goalkeeper to have only one foot or part of it on the goal line when the kicker hits the ball, unlike the previous rule that determined the goalkeeper should have both feet on the line. In 2019, a new rule was applied in soccer.
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